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Having a child changes not only a person’s lifestyle but also the way the body functions. Researchers have found that parenthood may accelerate biological aging in the short term, while being associated with a longer lifespan later in life, Science Focus reports.
Scientists use the terms “matrescence” and “patrescence” to describe the biological and psychological changes that occur after having a child. During this period, both mothers and fathers undergo hormonal changes, including lower testosterone levels and increased oxytocin production, while the brain adapts to strengthen the emotional bond with the child.
At the same time, parenthood often comes with chronic sleep deprivation, ongoing stress and financial pressure. Researchers say these factors may contribute to faster biological aging. One indicator is telomere shortening. These protective sections of DNA are associated with cellular aging and have been linked to the risk of cardiovascular disease, dementia and premature death.
However, long-term studies have produced a surprising finding. Research from Sweden suggests that after the age of 60, parents tend to live longer on average than people without children. The difference is about two years for men, while women who have children also show higher life expectancy.
Researchers believe this apparent paradox is largely explained by support from adult children in later life. Other factors, including the age at which a person has their first child, income level and the number of children, can also influence longevity.
A separate study by the University of Helsinki found that having children between the ages of 24 and 38 was associated with the most favorable outcomes for women. Mothers of two or three children also tended to show better biological aging indicators than women with larger families.
