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Researchers at the University of Nottingham have developed a fluoride-free gel that can regenerate damaged tooth enamel by using calcium and phosphate naturally present in saliva to build a new enamel-like layer.
According to ScienceDaily, the experimental material mimics the biological process by which tooth enamel forms during early development. Once applied to the tooth, the gel creates a thin protective layer that penetrates microscopic cracks and damaged areas.
The material then draws calcium and phosphate from saliva to grow new mineral crystals in the same orientation as natural enamel. This allows the regenerated layer to bond tightly to the tooth and closely replicate the structure and mechanical properties of healthy enamel.
The technology could also help treat tooth sensitivity by covering exposed dentin — the softer layer beneath enamel that contains microscopic channels leading to the nerves. By forming a mineral coating over dentin, the gel reduces sensitivity while providing a stronger foundation for dental restorations.
Laboratory testing showed that the regenerated enamel withstood tooth brushing, chewing forces and exposure to acidic foods similarly to natural enamel.
Lead researcher Abshar Hasan said the material promotes the organized growth of mineral crystals, enabling the regenerated tissue to closely match the structure and performance of healthy enamel.
Project leader Professor Alvaro Mata said the technology was designed with clinical use in mind, emphasizing that it is safe, quick to apply and suitable for large-scale manufacturing. The research team is now working with startup Mintech-Bio to commercialize the technology, with the first product expected to launch next year.
