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Diabetes can affect anyone: doctor explains the causes
A few decades ago, type 2 diabetes was often called “adult-onset diabetes,” but today it is increasingly diagnosed in young adults, adolescents, and even children. Conversely, type 1 diabetes—once considered a childhood disease—is being detected more frequently among older adults.
German doctor Yael Adler explained in an interview with Focus why this is happening, who is at risk, and how lifestyle influences both types of diabetes.
Why type 2 diabetes develops
Type 2 diabetes is the most common form. It occurs when the body gradually loses sensitivity to insulin, the hormone produced by the pancreas that allows glucose from the blood to enter cells for energy.
When cells become insulin-resistant, blood sugar remains high. The pancreas tries to compensate by producing more insulin, but over time, the body cannot keep up, leading to type 2 diabetes.
Who is at risk
Dr. Adler highlights several risk factors:
Age: Risk increases with age, but type 2 diabetes is now seen in younger people.
Genetics: A child with one parent with type 2 diabetes has about a 50% risk; if both parents are affected, the risk rises to 80%. Certain gene mutations can also increase susceptibility, even in people of normal weight.
Lifestyle: Physical inactivity, poor diet, excess sugar, refined foods, and chronic stress contribute to insulin resistance.
Obesity: Excess weight is a major factor in developing insulin resistance.
Stress and sleep: Chronic stress and sleep deprivation affect hormones that regulate blood sugar.
“Many people essentially bring type 2 diabetes upon themselves through unhealthy habits—lack of exercise, poor diet, and constant stress,” Dr. Adler notes.
Why type 1 diabetes is more common in children and adolescents
Unlike type 2, type 1 diabetes is not related to lifestyle or weight. It is an autoimmune disease in which the body mistakenly destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
Dr. Adler explains that this often occurs after viral infections in childhood or adolescence. As a result, the body loses the ability to produce insulin, and patients must take it for life.
“No lifestyle or weight factor can prevent type 1 diabetes. It’s not caused by diet—it’s an immune system reaction,” the expert says.
Patients with type 1 diabetes must constantly monitor their blood sugar to prevent serious complications, from hypoglycemia to damage to blood vessels, kidneys, and vision.
How to reduce the risk of diabetes
While genetic factors cannot be changed, type 2 diabetes can be largely prevented:
Stay active: Even 30 minutes of walking daily improves insulin sensitivity.
Limit sugar and refined foods: Favor whole grains, vegetables, and protein-rich foods.
Maintain a healthy weight: Losing 5–7% of body weight can cut the risk in half.
Monitor blood sugar: Especially important for those with family history or excess weight.
Summary
Diabetes is not inevitable, but it can affect anyone regardless of age or body type. Knowing your risks, staying active, eating a balanced diet, and monitoring blood sugar are the best preventive measures. Modern medicine can manage diabetes effectively, but prevention is always easier than treatment.
This information is based on expert advice and current research but does not replace professional medical consultation. For medication or any health-related concerns, always consult your doctor.
